Potential Flow

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Potential Flow Specification

Model No
PF-01

Voltage
230 V

Accuracy
100 %

Capacity
Customizable

Power Source
Electric

Frequency
50 Hz

Automation Grade
Semi-Automatic

Feature
Highly Efficient

Core Components
Manometers, Flow Channel, Water Circulation System

Measurement Range
0.1 - 10 L/min

Temperature Range
0C to 50C

Equipment Materials
Stainless Steel, Glass

Type
Potential Flow Apparatus

Usage
Laboratory

Display Type
Digital

Dimension (L*W*H)
600 mm x 350 mm x 550 mm

Weight
20 kg

About Potential Flow

POTENTIAL FLOW

The laminar, two-dimensional flow is a good approximation of the flow of ideal fluids: the potential flow. All physical systems described with the Laplace equation can be demonstrated with potential flow. This includes current and thermal flows as well as magnetic flux.

The laminar, two-dimensional flow is achieved by water flowing at low velocity in a narrow gap between two parallel glass plates. The parallel flow generated in this way is non-vortical and can be regarded as potential flow. Sources and sinks are generated via eight water connections in the bottom glass plate. The streamlines are displayed on the glass plate by injecting a contrast medium (ink).

In experiments the flow around bodies is demonstrated by inserting models into the parallel flow. Interchangeable models such as a cylinder, guide vane profile or nozzle contour are included.

To model the flow without models, it is possible to overlay parallel flow, sources, sinks and dipoles as required. This allows the demonstration of the formation of Rankine half-bodies.

The water flow rate and the quantity of contrast medium injected can be adjusted by using valves. The water connections are also activated by valves and can be combined as required.

The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Learning Objectives / Experiments

Visualisation of streamlines in
Flow around drag bodies: cylinder, guide vane profile, square, rectangle
Flow through models: nozzle contour, sudden contraction or enlargement
Flow separation, flow with 90° deflection
Modelling the flow around bodies by overlaying parallel flow and sources and/or sinks
Formation of Rankine half-bodies
Demonstration of a dipole
Analogy between potential flow and other physical systems which are described by the Laplace equation

Specification:

Demonstration of potential flow in a Hele-Shaw cell for visualising streamlines
Flow around supplied models: cylinder, square, rectangle, guide vane profile, various models for changes in cross-section
Modelling the flow around contours without models by overlaying parallel flow with sources or sinks
Water as flowing medium and ink as contrast medium
Hele-Shaw cell made of two glass plates arranged in parallel with narrow gap
Upper glass plate, hinged for swapping models
Bottom glass plate with cross-shaped water connections for generating sources/sinks, can be combined as required
Grid in the bottom glass panel for optimal observation of the streamlines
Flow velocity, water inlet and water outlet in sources/sinks as well as dosage of the contrast medium can be adjusted by using valves

Technical Data:

2 glass plates, LxW: 910x585mm
Distance between the plates: 5mm
Bottom glass plate with eight water connections for
Sources/sinks

Models:

6 drag bodies
2 changes in cross-section
Material: rubber
Thickness: 5mm

Injection of the contrast medium (ink):

19 nozzles
Tank for contrast medium: 200mL

Dimensions and Weight:

LxWxH: 1550x720x1410mm
Weight: approx. 125kg

Versatility for Flow Experiments

This apparatus makes it possible to demonstrate and analyze both laminar and turbulent flow regimes within a single system. The integrated water supply, adjustable controls, and clear flow channel enable students and researchers to study key fluid mechanics principles under controlled conditions.

Robust Design and Safe Operation

With components constructed from stainless steel and glass, and safety features like overtemperature protection, the PF-01 guarantees reliability and longevity. Its bench-top setup and digital display ensure convenient use, while the low-maintenance design reduces operational overhead.

Precision and Customization

Factory calibration ensures highly accurate measurements, critical for laboratory research and demonstration. With customizable volume capacity, precise flow measurement (0.1 to 10 L/min), and adaptable temperature range, this versatile device is suitable for a wide spectrum of experimental needs.

FAQs of Potential Flow:

Q: How do I operate the Potential Flow Apparatus for fluid mechanics demonstrations?

A: To operate the apparatus, fill the integrated water tank, select the desired flow type (laminar or turbulent) via manual or digital controls, and activate the water circulation system. The digital display assists with real-time monitoring, making setup and operation straightforward for laboratory environments.

Q: What are the benefits of using a factory-calibrated, 100% accurate flow apparatus like the PF-01?

A: Factory calibration ensures measurement reliability, eliminating the need for frequent recalibration. With 100% accuracy, users can trust the data for precise analysis in fluid mechanics studies, enhancing both educational demonstrations and research outcomes.

Q: When should the overtemperature protection feature be utilized?

A: Overtemperature protection automatically engages whenever water temperatures approach the devices safety threshold, providing peace of mind and protecting equipment integrity during extended or intensive experiments.

Q: Where is the ideal location for installing this potential flow apparatus?

A: Designed specifically for indoor, bench-top use, the apparatus fits standard laboratory environments. Its compact footprint (600 mm x 350 mm x 550 mm) allows for easy installation on laboratory benches or demonstration tables.

Q: What is the typical maintenance process for this laboratory equipment?

A: Routine maintenance involves inspecting and cleaning the flow channel and integrated tank, ensuring manometers and the display system function properly, and verifying the safety features. The robust construction and low-maintenance design simplify upkeep.

Q: How can instructors and students benefit from the digital display and semi-automatic controls?

A: The digital display provides precise, real-time readings of flow rates and temperatures, while semi-automatic controls enable quick adjustments between experiments. This efficiency streamlines laboratory exercises and improves the learning experience.

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