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Pipe Friction For Laminar Flow

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Pipe Friction For Laminar Flow Specification

Model No

Measurement Range
Laminar Flow Regime (Typically Reynolds number < 2000)

Accuracy
100 % %

Voltage
220V AC Volt (v)

Temperature Range
Ambient to 50 C Celsius (oC)

Frequency
50 Hz Hertz (HZ)

Feature
Highly Efficient

Automation Grade
Manual

Power Source
Electricity

Core Components
Pipes, Manometer, Water Tank, Pump, Valves

Equipment Materials
Borosilicate Glass, Stainless Steel, PVC

Type
Educational/ Laboratory Apparatus

Usage
Laboratory

Display Type
Analog

Weight
Approx. 20 kg Kilograms (kg)

About Pipe Friction For Laminar Flow

PIPE FRICTION FOR LAMINAR FLOW

During flow through pipes, pressure losses occur due to internal friction and friction between the fluid and the wall. When calculating pressure losses, we need to know the friction factor, a dimensionless number. The friction factor is determined with the aid of the Reynolds number, which describes the ratio of inertia forces to friction forces. Enables the study of the relationship between pressure loss due to fluid friction and velocity in the pipe flow. Additionally, the pipe friction factor is determined.

The experimental unit includes a small diameter pipe section in which the laminar and turbulent flow is generated. The Reynolds number and the pipe friction factor are determined from the flow rate and pressure loss. In turbulent flow, the pipe is supplied directly from the water supply. The constant pressure at the water supply required for laminar flow is provided by a standpipe on the overflow. Valves can be used to adjust the flow rate.

The pressures in laminar flow are measured with twin tube manometers. In turbulent flow, the pressure is read on a dial-gauge manometer.

The experimental unit is positioned easily and securely on the work surface of the base module. The water is supplied and the flow rate measured by. Alternatively, the experimental unit can be operated by the laboratory supply.

The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Learning Objectives / Experiments

Measurements of the pressure loss in laminar flow
Measurements of the pressure loss in turbulent flow
Determining the critical Reynolds number
Determining the pipe friction factor
Comparing the actual pipe friction factor with the theoretical friction factor

Specification:

Investigation of the pipe friction in laminar or turbulent flow
Transparent tank with overflow ensures constant water inlet pressure in the pipe section for experiments with laminar flow
Water supply via base module or via laboratory supply for experiments with turbulent flow
Flow rate adjustment via valves
Twin tube manometers for measurements in laminar flow
Dial-gauge manometer for measurements in turbulent flow
Flow rate determined by base module
Water supply using base module or via laboratory supply

Technical Data:

Pipe section
Length: 400mm
Inside diameter: 3mm
Tank: approx. 2L

Measuring ranges:

Differential pressure (twin tube manometers):2x 370mmWC
Differential pressure (dial-gauge manometer): 0...0,4bar

Dimensions and Weight:

LxWxH: 950x680x980mm
Weight: approx. 35kg

Clear Visualization of Laminar Flow

This apparatus features transparent acrylic or glass pipes, providing excellent visibility for observing water movement and flow characteristics. This improves the educational experience by enabling direct monitoring of laminar flows, streamlining demonstration and instruction.

Comprehensive Comparative Analysis

Three pipes of varying diameters allow precise side-by-side comparison of pressure losses, making it easier for users to understand the impact of diameter on laminar flow friction. Results can be easily measured using either mercury or colored water within the manometer.

User-Friendly and Safe Operation

Designed for laboratory convenience, the system includes a stable, non-slip base and electrical safety conformity. Its bench-top, portable structure ensures flexibility and simplicity in setup and operation, making experiments safe and accessible.

FAQs of Pipe Friction For Laminar Flow:

Q: How does the Pipe Friction for Laminar Flow apparatus measure pressure loss in pipes?

A: The apparatus uses a manometer, filled with mercury or colored water, to gauge pressure differences along the length of three transparent pipes. By measuring the height difference in the manometer during controlled laminar flow, users can precisely determine the pressure losses caused by friction.

Q: What materials are used in the construction, and why are they chosen?

A: This system is built from Borosilicate glass, stainless steel, acrylic, and PVC. These materials provide superior chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and transparencyensuring durability and clear visibility for observational studies.

Q: When is this apparatus typically used in the laboratory setting?

A: It is mainly used during educational experiments focusing on laminar flow regimes (Reynolds number less than 2000). The setup is ideal for fluid mechanics courses, offering hands-on demonstrations of pressure loss due to friction under carefully controlled conditions.

Q: Where can this equipment be installed and operated?

A: The apparatus is designed for benchtop installation and offers portability. It can be used in research labs, educational institutions, or training centers requiring repeatable, illustrative laminar flow experiments.

Q: What process is followed to measure flow and collect data?

A: Water is circulated using the centrifugal pump. Flow rate is determined volumetrically with a measuring cylinder and stopwatch, while manometric readings provide pressure data. By adjusting valves, different flow rates and pipe diameters can be tested sequentially.

Q: How safe and efficient is the apparatus for users?

A: It features a non-slip base, full electrical safety conformity, and intuitive manual controls. Its robust design and clear instructions in the included manual help ensure both safety and efficient operation in any laboratory environment.

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