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Operating Principle of Pelton Turbine

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Operating Principle of Pelton Turbine Specification

Frequency
50 Hz / 60 Hz (depending on motor specifications for demonstration) Hertz (HZ)

Feature
High Efficiency at High Heads, Regulated Nozzle Flow, Splash-proof Acrylic Shield (for demonstration units)

Temperature Range
Ambient up to 60 C Celsius (oC)

Voltage
220V / 380V (for electric demo pump units) Volt (v)

Capacity
Lab Scale / Industrial Scale (varies as per application: typically 1-500 kW for lab demonstration) Kg

Accuracy
1% (Speed/Pressure measurement in demo unit) C

Power Source
Electric Motor (for demo), Hydraulic Energy (Operational)

Core Components
Pelton Wheel, Nozzle, Hydraulic Pipe, Brake Drum, Water Storage Tank, Pressure Gauge, Speed Measurement Device

Automation Grade
Manual/Automatic (as per variant)

Measurement Range
Flow Rate: 0 to 50 L/min, Pressure: 0 to 20 bar

Equipment Materials
Cast Iron, Stainless Steel, High-grade Alloy Steel, Acrylic (for demonstration models)

Type
Impulse Turbine (Pelton Wheel)

Usage
Educational Demonstration, Industrial Operation, Hydraulic Laboratory Experiment

Display Type
Diagrammatic (schematic flow representation)

Dimension (L*W*H)
650 x 400 x 550 mm (Typical Lab Setup) Millimeter (mm)

Weight
20-80 kg (varies with size / application) Kilograms (kg)

Nozzle Type
Adjustable needle nozzle

Head Range
100m to 1000m (high-head applications)

Efficiency
Up to 90%

Runner Diameter
From 0.5m to 3.5m

Operating Principle
The Pelton turbine is an impulse water turbine that utilizes high-velocity water jets directed tangentially at the turbine buckets. Water under high pressure is converted to kinetic energy by a nozzle, creating a jet that strikes the buckets mounted on the periphery of a runner. The force of the jet causes the runner to rotate, producing mechanical energy, which is then converted to electrical energy by a connected generator. The spent water exits with minimal velocity after imparting its energy to the runner.

Max Water Jet Velocity
Up to 80 m/s

Casing Type
Split casing for easy maintenance

Application Area
Mountain regions, High head low flow sites

Number of Buckets
16 to 30 (dependant on runner size)

Operating Principle of Pelton Turbine Trade Information

Minimum Order Quantity
1 Piece

Payment Terms
Cash Advance (CA), Cash in Advance (CID), Cheque, Telegraphic Transfer (T/T), Letter of Credit (L/C)

Sample Available
No

Sample Policy
Sample costs shipping and taxes has to be paid by the buyer

Packaging Details
carton box, export quality also available

Main Export Market(s)
Asia, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Middle East, Africa

Main Domestic Market
All India

Certifications
ISO 9001, 14001 ,CE

About Operating Principle of Pelton Turbine

Operating Principle of Pelton Turbine

Water turbines are turbomachines utilising water power. The Pelton turbine is part of the free-jet turbines resp. impulse turbines which convert the pressure energy of water into kinetic energy entirely in the control device. During the conversion, the water jet is accelerated in a nozzle and directed onto the vanes of the Pelton wheel tangential. The water jet is redirected by approximately 180° in the vanes. The impulse of the water jet is transmitted to the Pelton wheel.
The experimental unit consists of the Pelton wheel, a needle nozzle used as control device, a band brake for loading the turbine and a housing with a transparent front panel. The transparent cover enables you to observe the water flow, the wheel and the nozzle during operation. You can modify the nozzle cross-section and thus the flow rate by adjusting the nozzle needle.
The structure easily installed in the basic hydraulic bench.
The unit composed of a small size Pelton turbine.
Be made of stainless steel.
Transparent plexiglass cover for flow visualization.
Develop a power of about 10W.
A bourdon type manometer (range 0·2.5bar) measure the inlet pressure.
A portable digital tachometer allow the speed measurement.
Two dynamometers should allow the torque measurement and.
Easy to functionality.
Sturdy construction.
Negligible maintenance.

The following characteristics:

Spring type dynamometer.
Range 0F·10N with 0.1N division.
Pipe of 110mm dia with venturi meter.
Pelton Wheel: 300 mm Diameter with 18 Buckets.
Sump tank capacity: 200 liters High Grade Plastic.
Flow rate measurement: Orifice meter with Burdon type pressure gauge.
Pump : Monoblock type, 4 litre/sec, Head 20 mtrs; Motor 5 HP.
Piping with necessary Valves and Fittings.
Digital RPM Indicator.
Detailed Technical Manual and On-site Training.

Innovative Operating Principle

The Pelton turbine harnesses hydraulic energy by converting pressurized water into high-speed jets, which then strike specifically designed buckets on the runners periphery. This purely impulse-based mechanism ensures minimal energy loss and maximum efficiency. The discharged water exits at low velocities, making the process highly effective for energy conversion. The adjustable needle nozzle guarantees fine flow regulation based on requirement.

High Performance in Demanding Applications

Engineered for high-head scenarios ranging from 100 to 1000 meters, the Pelton turbine offers robust performance in challenging terrains and remote locations. Its capability to operate under varied pressures, combined with head resistance and durable construction materialsincluding cast iron and stainless steelmakes it ideal for both industrial sites and hydraulic laboratories.

User-Friendly and Versatile Demonstration

Designed for both industrial utility and educational purposes, the Pelton turbine is available in sizes suitable for lab-scale experiments as well as industrial power production. The splash-proof acrylic shield allows safe, direct observation during demonstrations, while precise instruments provide accurate speed and pressure readings. Its modular dimensions and split casing allow for hassle-free maintenance.

FAQs of Operating Principle of Pelton Turbine:

Q: How does the Pelton turbine generate power from water?

A: The Pelton turbine operates by directing a high-velocity water jet onto the buckets mounted on the runner. As the water jet strikes the buckets, it imparts its kinetic energy, causing the runner to rotate. This mechanical rotation is coupled to a generator, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy efficiently.

Q: What types of applications are suitable for the Pelton turbine?

A: This turbine is ideal for high-head, low-flow conditions, commonly found in mountainous regions or sites with steep drops. It serves both industrial power generation and educational or hydraulic laboratory demonstration needs, handling capacities from 1 kW to 500 kW for lab setups.

Q: Where are Pelton turbines commonly installed?

A: Pelton turbines are typically installed in areas with abundant, high-altitude water sources such as mountain regions. These locations provide the necessary pressure head (1001000 meters) for optimal turbine operation, making them ideal for high-altitude hydro projects and laboratory facilities.

Q: What are the benefits of using a Pelton turbine in a hydraulic lab setup?

A: In laboratory settings, the Pelton turbine offers an illustrative demonstration of impulse turbine principles. Its modular design, clear schematic representation, and safety features like splash-proof acrylic shields provide a safe, accurate, and engaging educational experience. The precision instrumentation ensures measurement accuracy within 1%.

Q: How is the water jet controlled during operation?

A: The water jet is regulated using an adjustable needle nozzle, which allows precise control of the flow rate and jet velocity. This ensures efficient operation under varying experimental or operational conditions, optimizing performance and energy conversion.

Q: What materials are used in the construction of this turbine?

A: The Pelton turbine incorporates high-grade alloy steel, cast iron, stainless steel, and acrylic (for demonstration units). These materials guarantee durability for industrial applications and provide transparency and safety for educational demonstrations.

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